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31.01.2024

Let LURA commence.....well... some more of it, anyway.

Yesterday, DLUHC published the second set of commencement regulations for the Levelling-Up and Regeneration Act. 

The first set snuck out just before Christmas and can be found here. They related to some very specific parts of schedule 4 - which dealt with consequential amendments required to deal with the introduction of Combined County Authorities. 

The second set of commencement regulations, however, include some planning provisions. As such, this seemed like a very good moment to update my commencement table (see below).

The key takeaways are as follows:

National Development Management Policies

  • the definitional provisions for NDMPs come into effect on 31 January 2024. This is the "statutory hook" which enables NDMPs to be introduced through policy and secondary legislation at a later date. 

Self Build

  • the amendment to ensure that only land permissioned explicitly for self-build and custom housebuilding will qualify towards a relevant authority’s statutory duty to meet demand for self-build and custom housebuilding in the authority’s area - comes into effect on 31 January 2024

BNG

  • The amendments relating to the methodology for valuing the pre-development biodiversity value of an onsite habitat and of the enhancement of the biodiversity of a habitat take effect on 12th February 2024.

CPO

  • We now have a timetable and transitional provisions for the CPO changes that remove ‘hope value’ from CPO compensation. These provisions will start to take affect for 30 April 2024.  
  • The changes to certificates of alternative appropriate developments will bite on 31 January 2025.

There are also enabling provisions relating to Street Votes and changes to the sentences that can be imposed for CIL offences. 

Nutrient Neutrality

Taking a step away from LURA commencement regs for a moment. There has also been significant movement in the nutrient neutrality space over the last month.

As I am running out of time, the below summary is taken from the latest Chief Planner Newsletter

The overall upshot is the level of mitigation (and number of credits) required for developments caught by nutrient neutrality rules should start to come down shortly. 

"To address pollution at source, the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023 (LURA) created a new duty for water companies in designated catchments, to ensure wastewater treatment works (WwTW) serving a population equivalent over 2,000 meet specified nutrient removal standards. Competent Authorities (including local planning authorities) when considering planning proposals for development that drains via a sewer to a wastewater treatment works that is subject to the upgrade duty; are required to consider whether the nutrient pollution standard will be met by the upgrade date when carrying out Habitats Regulations Assessments. 

On 25 January 2024, the Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs designated 16 catchments in which water companies are required to upgrade WwTW before 1 April 2030. Further information can be found in the Notice of designation of sensitive catchment areas 2024 and Natural England have provided affected local planning authorities with revised nutrient calculators. 

A separate and limited exemption process for the WwTW upgrade duty will be completed by 1 April 2024, when any final exemptions will be confirmed. This may affect the levels of nutrient mitigation that development must secure for specific wastewater treatment works in some catchments. It is important that planning decision-making continues, based on material planning considerations and Habitats Regulations Assessment as amended by Regulation 85A (introduced in the LURA)."

Planning related provision of LURA

High level summary of provisions

 

When the provisions come into force

Part 3

Planning 

 
section 94 (national development management policies: meaning);section 94 -  inserts a new s.38ZA into the PCPA 2004 that defines  National Development Management Policies and gives the Secretary of State the power to introduce, revoke, modify or otherwise alter them subject to such consultation as the Secretary of State deems appropriate 31st January 2024
sections 106 and 107

section 106 (street votes): in so far as it confers a power to make regulations and so far as it relates to the provisions of Schedule 9 brought into force by paragraph (q);

section 107 (street votes: community infrastructure levy), so far as it confers a power to make regulations;

These provisions relate to Street Votes Development Orders  and are brought into force for the limited purpose of enabling regulations and development orders to be made.

31st January 2024
Sections 108 and 109 (so far as it confers a power to make regulations or 
to make a development order).

s.108 - empowers the Secretary of State to change the EIA regulations to allow for street votes

s.109 - relates to powers enabling ‘urgent crown development’ applications to be made directly to the Secretary of State in certain circumstances and sets out the procedures for doing so (the details need to be set out in secondary legislation of some kind).

Come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

Sections 112, 113 and 114 (so far as conferring 
a power to make regulations).

 

s.112 - introduces the power to issue completion notices if a development is being built out ‘unreasonably slowly’ and sets out the procedure for doing so.

s.113 - introduces the power for LPAs to decline to determine applications in cases of earlier non-implementation or unreasonably slow build-out.

s.114 - introduces the power to impose conditions relating to development progress reports on specified residential planning permissions in England – detail to be set out in secondary legislation. 

Come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

 

section 123 (duty in relation to self-build and custom housebuilding)Section 123    amends section 2A of the Self-build and Custom Housebuilding Act 2015 to ensure that only land permissioned explicitly for self-build and custom housebuilding will qualify towards a relevant authority’s statutory duty to meet demand for self-build and custom housebuilding in the authority’s area.31st January 2024
Sections 121, 126 to 128.

s. 121 - Grants the Secretary of State the power to provide relief from enforcement of planning conditions in certain circumstances – the detail is to be set out by way of secondary legislation.

s.126 - Ability to introduce fees for certain services in relation to nationally significant infrastructure projects.

s.127 - Power to shorten deadline for examination of development consent order applications.

s.128 - Introduces additional powers in relation to non-material changes to development consent orders.

come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

section 129 (hazardous substances consent: connected applications to the Secretary of State);Section 129 of the Act amends section 62A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to enable applicants to submit applications for hazardous substance consent under the Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 directly to the Secretary of State when connected with a relevant application submitted under section 62A.31st January 2024

Sections 130 to 133 and 136.

 

s.130 – Introduces a wide-ranging power to make regulations and orders under the Planning Acts.

s.131 – Introduces a power for appointees to vary determinations as to procedure.

s.132 – Enables the pre-consolidation amendment of planning, development and compulsory purchase legislation.

s.133 – Provisions enabling the participation in certain proceedings conducted by, or on behalf of, the Secretary of State (i.e. PINS proceedings) via remote means.

s.136 - A requirement that the Secretary of State vary the Town and Country Planning (Consultation) (England) Direction 2021 (“the 2021 Direction”) so that it applies in relation to applications for planning permission for development affecting ancient woodland before the end of the period of three months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

 

Come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

Section 135  (biodiversity net gain: pre-development biodiversity value and habitat enhancement)Section 135  amends Schedule 7A to the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to make provision about the valuation of the pre-development biodiversity value of an onsite habitat and of the enhancement of the biodiversity of a habitat. Schedule 7A to the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 is inserted by Schedule 14 to the Environment Act 2021, which comes into force at the same time as these provisions.12th February 2024.
Sections 109, 112, 113 and 114 (so far as not already commenced by 
virtue of paragraph (a)), Schedule 13 (so far as it relates to Chapter 1 of Part 3) and all other provisions in Part 3.

s.109 - Relates to powers enabling ‘urgent crown development’ applications to be made directly to the Secretary of State in certain circumstances and sets out the procedures for doing so (the details need to be set out in secondary legislation of some kind).

s.112 - Introduces the power to issue completion notices if a development is being built out ‘unreasonably slowly’ and sets out the procedure for doing so.

s.113 - Introduces the power for LPAs to decline to determine applications in cases of earlier non-implementation or unreasonably slow build-out.

s.114 - Introduces the power to impose conditions relating to development progress reports on specified residential planning permissions in England – detail to be set out in secondary legislation.

sch. 13 -  Regulations under chapter 1 of Part 3 or Part 6: restrictions on devolved authorities.

Literally everything else in Part 3 – including the changes to Local Plan making, the removal of the four-year enforcement period, the BNG provisions, and the heritage changes. 

 

come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.

Part 4

Provisions to introduce the Infrastructure Levy and change the Community Infrastructure Levy.come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
Section 140

Changes the prison terms permitted for CIL enforcement offences to the following: 

"Regulations under this section creating a criminal offence may not provide for— (a) imprisonment for a term exceeding the maximum term for summary offences, on summary conviction for an offence triable summarily only, 

(b) imprisonment for a term exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court, on summary conviction for an offence triable either way, or 

(c) imprisonment for a term exceeding 2 years, on conviction on indictment. 

(12) In subsection (11)(a), “the maximum term for summary offences” means— (a) in relation to an offence committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, 6 months; (b) in relation to an offence committed after that time, 51 weeks

31st January 2024

Part 5

Provisions relating to Community Land Auction Pilots.come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.

Part 6

(including Schedule 13 so far as it relates to Part 6)

Provisions relating to Environmental Outcome Reports. 

comes into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

 

Part 7

Provisions relating to Nutrient Pollution Standards.

comes into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

26 December 2023

 

Part 9

Changes to Compulsory Purchase.come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
section 180 (acquisition by local authorities for purpose of regeneration);Section 180 of the Act amends section 226 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to ensure local authorities are empowered to compulsorily purchase land for regeneration purposes.31st January 2024

section 181 (online publicity), so far as it confers a power to make regulations;


 

Section 181  amends those parts of  the Acquisition of Land Act 1981, which set out the publicity requirements for certain documents and notices issued as part of the compulsory purchase order (“CPO”) process. 

Section 181 introduces requirements to publish documents and notices online. Section 11 includes a power to prescribe the form of notice to be published online by regulations.

31st January 2024

section 184 (corresponding provision for purchases by Ministers), so far as it relates to the provisions of para 1 of schedule Schedule 19  (see below) 

 

paragraph 1 (online publicity) of Schedule 19 (compulsory purchase: corresponding provision for purchases by Ministers), so far as it confers a power to make regulations.

These provisions bring into force paragraph 1 of Schedule 19 to the Act for the purpose of making regulations. 

Paragraph 1 of Schedule 19 to the Act inserts paragraph 3A and amends paragraphs 2, 3 and 6 of Schedule 1 to the Acquisition of Land Act 1981, which sets out the publicity requirements for certain documents and notices issued as part of the CPO process when CPO powers are used by Ministers. Paragraph 1 of Schedule 19 introduces requirements to publish documents and notices online. Paragraph 1(3)(a)(ii) of Schedule 19 amends paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 1 to the Acquisition of Land Act 1981 such that the Minister acquiring the land must “publish a notice [of the draft compulsory purchase order] in the prescribed form on an appropriate website”. Section 7(2) of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981 provides that “[a]nything which … is required or authorised to be prescribed shall be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State by statutory instrument”. When read together, those two provisions empower the Secretary of State to prescribe the form the Minister must use when notifying the draft compulsory purchase order on an appropriate website

31st January 2024

section 185 (time limits for implementation);
 

section 186 (agreement to vary vesting date);
 

section 187 (common standards for compulsory purchase data);
 

section 188 (‘no-scheme’ principle: minor amendments);

Section 185   inserts new section 13D into the Acquisition of Land Act 1981, giving confirming authorities the power to extend the time limit for implementation of a compulsory purchase order. It amends sections 4 and 4A of the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965 and sections 5A and 5B of the Compulsory Purchase (Vesting Declarations) Act 1981, which set out the current statutory time limits within which compulsory purchase powers under a CPO must be implemented after it has been confirmed and makes consequential amendments to section 582 of the Housing Act 1985.

Section 186  inserts a new section 8A into the Compulsory Purchase (Vesting Declarations) Act 1981 to allow for the landowner and acquiring authority to agree to vary the date on which an interest in land being compulsorily acquired will vest in the acquiring authority.

Section 187 empowers the Secretary of State to make regulations to set data standards in relation to certain CPO information.

 Section 188  amends sections 6D and 6E of the Land Compensation Act 1961 which define the ‘scheme’ for the purpose of assessing compensation. These sections provide that where land is acquired for regeneration or redevelopment which is facilitated or made possible by a relevant transport project, the ‘scheme’ includes the relevant transport project. The amendments ensure that the definition of ‘scheme’ includes any re-development, regeneration and improvement that form part of the ‘scheme’.

31st January 2024
Section 190 of the Act (power to require prospects of planning permission to be ignored)Section 190 amends various provisions of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981, the Land Compensation Act 1961, the New Towns Act 1981, the Welsh Development Agency Act 1975, which deal with the assessment of compensation and makes consequential amendments to the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. The amendments allow confirming authorities, in relation to certain public sector acquiring authorities exercising certain CPO powers, to direct that the value associated with the following matters are not payable, provided doing so is in the public interest: (a) the prospect of the grant of a planning permission; and (b) compensation for the loss of the potential of development for which there was a reasonable expectation that planning permission would have been granted in the absence of the CPO.30th April 2024
Section 189 (prospects of planning permission for alternative development) Section of 189 the Act amends sections 14, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 22 of the Land Compensation Act 1961 which relate to taking account of actual or prospective planning permission and the certification of ‘appropriate alternative development’. The amendments make various changes including to when prospective planning permission is to be treated as certain, what certificates of appropriate alternative development should contain, to clarify when the relevant planning date falls, whether account should be taken of the expenses incurred in the issue of a certificate, and corresponding amendments to the process of appeals to the Upper Tribunal against certificates.31st January 2025
CPO TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 

Sub-regulations (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6) relating to sections 185, 189 and 190 ensure the amendments do not affect CPOs that have crystallised in the public domain before the relevant sections come into force to avoid changing the law applicable to those CPOs mid-process. 

Sub-regulation (2) relating to section 186 ensures the amendments do not apply to general vesting declarations executed before the relevant sections come into force to avoid changing the law applicable to those general vesting declarations mid-process.

 

Part 10

Provisions relating to High Street Rental Auctions come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE
(This note is not part of the Regulations)

These Regulations are the second commencement regulations under the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023 (“the Act”).

Regulation 2 brings into force on 31st January 2024 a number of provisions of the Act.

Regulation 2(a) brings into force section 78 of the Act. Section 78 of the Act inserts new sections 12A to 12D into the Local Government Act 2003. The effect of these new sections is to give the Secretary of State the power to intervene to address excessive financial risk to a local authority by providing options for remediation, mitigation or investigation.”